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Introduction
Prostate cancer is a significant health concern as it is one of the most common cancers in men over age 50 years.1 While it may not always be preventable, early detection is crucial for effective management1. Many men will develop prostate cancer in their lifetime2.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has the potential to lower the likelihood of prostate cancer-related deaths. However, it comes with drawbacks such as the occurrence of false-positive outcomes, complications during biopsies, and the problem of overdiagnoses. Nonetheless, engaging in prompt and proactive treatment upon detecting prostate cancer through screening may help mitigate the risk of the metastatic disease 3
Did you know?
What is the role of the prostate gland?
The prostate is a gland and part of the male reproductive system. Shaped like a chestnut, it is located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It produces fluid that nourishes and carries sperm produced by the testicles. The prostate gland surrounds the beginning of the urethra – the canal that extends from the bladder to the tip of the penis and is used to drain urine from the bladder.
The prostate plays a role in continence because it is connected to the urethra. When the prostate becomes enlarged, e.g., due to cancer, it puts pressure on the urethra. This can make it difficult to urinate and also increases the need to urinate4.
Treatment and effects of prostate cancer
Different types of treatment are available for prostate cancer. Depending on the case, treatment options might include radiation therapy, hormone therapy, cryotherapy, chemotherapy, or surgery4. The main type of surgery for prostate cancer is a radical prostatectomy5. It involves removing the entire prostate gland and the seminal vesicles, which are accessory glands and also part of the reproductive organs6. The removal of the prostate may also remove the initial section of the urethra and the remaining urethral canal is then stitched to the bladder7.
After the operation, difficulties in retaining urine are common. This may be due to changes that occur in the anatomy of the patient7.